4月28號下午13：30中心邀請斯坦福大學Janelle Thompson's教授做藍藻水華生物防治與環境微生物學相關內容的專題講座，個人簡介見附件。請科研人員，碩博士研究生積極參與。各研究室組織本研究室的科研人員及研究生按時參加。因參加講座人數較多，會議地點改在：南區培訓教育樓1樓階梯教室。

附簡歷如下：

Faculty -Janelle R. Thompson珍奈兒·湯普森

Janelle R. Thompson 珍奈兒·湯普森

Visiting Assistant Professor客座助理教授

MIT
Parsons Laboratory帕森斯實驗室
Room 48-331
15 Vassar Street
Cambridge, MA, 02139

Telephone: 617.324.5268Email: janelle@mit.eduResearch Website: http://thompsonlab.mit.edu/Assistant: DarleneStrother / strother@mit.edu

Education教育背景

·        Ph.D. 2005, MIT and Woods HoleOceanographic Institute

2005年獲MIT及伍茲霍爾海洋研究所博士學位

·        M.S. 1999, Stanford University

1999年獲斯坦福大學碩士學位

·        B.S. 1998, Stanford University

1998年獲斯坦福大學學士學位

Research Interests研究興趣

We are interested in understanding the relationship between the structureof microbial communities and their function. We are employing the tools ofmolecular biology, genomics, and genetics to identify the components ofmicrobial communities, and to study their dynamics, interactions, andorganization. Linking the activities of microbes to their genomic content andpopulation structure is a critical step towards manipulating microbial systemsfor human benefit, be it pollution degradation or protection against pathogens.

我們對了解微生物群落的結構和功能之間的關系很感興趣。我們使用分子生物學、基因組學和基因工具來識別微生物群落的組成部分，并研究他們的動態、交互和組織結構。將微生物的活動與其基因內容及群落結構鏈接起來是控制微生物系統使其造福人類的關鍵環節，無論是污染降解或是對病原體的抵抗。

Teaching Interests技術興趣

·        1.083 - Environmental Health Engineering環境健康工程

·        1.89 - Environmental Microbiology 環境微生物學

研究項目

1、Biocontrol of Cyanobacterial AlgalBlooms: Insights Through Multi-Omics Approaches藍藻水華生物防除：多組學方法的見解

  首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2015年9月14日

2、Occurrence and Abundance of MicrocystisCyanophage in Singapore's Reservoir新加坡水庫內微胞藻屬噬藻體的出現和大量繁殖

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2015年9月14日

3、Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS)二氧化碳捕獲和存儲（CCS）

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2014年11月26日

CSS is currently being implemented as a strategy to mitigateatmospheric emissions of CO2, and help stabilize atmospheric greenhouse gasconcentrations. In CCS, carbon dioxide is separated and captured from anindustrial process stream, before being compressed and injected deepunderground into geological formations (e.g. hydrocarbon or salt-water filled(saline) reservoirs) for storage on time scales of 1,000 years or more.

CCS是目前正在實施的減少大氣中二氧化碳的排放并幫助穩定大氣溫室氣體濃度的策略。在CCS中，二氧化碳被從工業處理流程中分離和捕獲，其后被壓縮并注入地下地質結構（如含碳氫化合物或海水（生理鹽水）的水庫），以供長達千年以上的存儲。

4、Microbial Symbiosis in the Starlet Sea Anemone Nematostella vectensis

星型海葵Nematostella vectensis中的微生物共生

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2014年11月26日

In the natural environment animal tissues harbor diversecommunities of microbes. Increasingevidence suggests these communities are shaped by host-selection andprovide beneficial functions including nutrient cycling andpathogen protection. How such tissue-specific microbialcommunities are assembled and maintained remains a central question forunderstanding the role of microbes in health and disease. Thestarlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is emerging as a model foranimal development and evolution because the phylum Cnidaria is one of theearliest branches on the animal tree of life. In addition, N. vectensis is closelyrelated to corals and is a tractable laboratory model for probing themechanisms of disease and disease resistance in the class Anthozoa.

在自然環境中，動物組織存在著多元化的微生物群落。越來越多的證據表明這些群落是由寄主選擇塑造，并提供對寄主有益的功能，包括養分循環和病原體預防。這類基于組織的微生物群落是如何形成及維護的，仍是理解微生物在健康和疾病上的作用的一個核心問題。星型海葵Nematostella vectensis正成為一個研究動物發展和演化的模版，因為刺胞動物門是動物生命樹的最早的分支。此外, 星型海葵與珊瑚有密切相關，是一個在探索疾病機制和珊瑚蟲綱的抗病性上容易處理的實驗室模型。

5、Molecularecology of toxins and virulence factors

分子生態學的毒素和毒力因素

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2014年11月26日

Molecular Ecology of Toxigenic Microcystis -- Cyanobacterialtoxins are a public health risk from recreational exposure to freshwater. Freshwater Reservoirs, such as theKranji Reservoir in Singapore (pictured), harbor both Microcystin-producing cyanobacteriaand those that lack the genes needed for toxin production. We are interested in thefollowing questions: Under what conditions are cyanobacterial toxinbiosynthesis genes activated? And,Under what conditions do toxin-producing cyanobacteria have a competitiveadvantage in the Kranji Reservoir? Understandingthe molecular ecology of toxin production will improve prediction of hightoxin/high risk algal blooms.
Molecular Mechanisms of Virulence in Aquaculture Pathogens --Reports of mass-mortality in natural and cultivated marine populations areincreasing world-wide and many marine diseases have suspected microbialetiologies. With collaborators at the Prince ofSongkla University in Thailand we are developing single and mixed-straininfection models of secretion and regulator mutants to investigate themechanisms by which Vibrios closely related to V. harveyi and V.parahaemolyticus (>98% rRNA similarity) cause disease and mortality inmarine invertebrates (e.g. the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon).

產毒微胞藻屬的分子生態學——藍藻毒素造成公共衛生風險，因為人們會在休閑放松時接觸淡水。淡水水庫，如新加坡的Kranji水庫，既生存著產生微囊藻毒素的藍藻，也存有那些缺乏毒素生產基因的藍藻。我們感興趣的是以下問題：在什么條件下藍藻毒素生物合成基因會被激活？在什么條件下產毒藍藻在Kranji水庫有競爭優勢？理解毒素產生的分子生態學將提高高毒素/高風險海藻水華的預測率。

在水產養殖病原體中毒力的分子機制——全球關于自然及培育的海洋種群大規模死亡的報道正日益增多，而許多海洋疾病都疑有微生物病因。我們正與泰國宋卡王子大學的合作者一起開發單菌株和混合菌株的分泌感染模型及調節突變體，以調查與V. harveyi及副溶血弧菌 （> 98% rRNA相似）密切相關的弧菌在海洋無脊椎動物（如：黑虎蝦Penaeusmonodon）中引起疾病和死亡率的機制。

5、Life in the Oceans

 海洋生物

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森     日期：2013年1月14日

The well-being, prosperity, and sustainability of the humanenterprise relies on the functioning of Earth’s oceans and life within it. The ocean represents our planet’slargest habitat and supports more than half its species.
Photosynthesis in the ocean plays a vital role in the globalclimate and carbon cycle and provides about half of Earth’s oxygen. The microscopic plants that carry outthis photosynthesis – phytoplankton – form the base of the ocean food weband, as such, feed most of the species in the sea.

人類的幸福、繁榮和事業的可持續發展都依賴于地球上的海洋和其中生命的運作。海洋是地球上最大的棲息地，支持超過一半的地球物種。

海洋中光合作用在全球氣候和碳循環中起著至關重要的作用，提供了地球上約一半的氧氣。這些進行光合作用的微生植物——浮游植物——構成了海洋食物網的基礎，也以此飼養了大多數的海洋物種。

Humans rely on some of these species for food and income. The problem: many wild stocks arebeing harvested at unsustainable rates and are in danger of disappearing. Increasing temperatures and acidity ofocean waters will likely change the structure of ocean food webs inunforeseeable ways. These arejust a few of the many warning signs about the fate of life in theocean—and the health of the oceans has direct ramifications for life on land.
Researchers at MIT and WHOI are studying big questions, such as howlife evolved in the ocean, the role of microbes in ocean ecosystems, thereasons behind the global decline of fish stocks and coral reefs, and the waysin which life in the sea is an integral part of Earth’s biosphere.

人類依靠部分海洋物種作為食物和收入來源。問題是：人們正以不可持續的速率在收割許多野生種群，其中的部分甚至有消失的危險。而海水的溫度的升高和酸度的增加可能會以不可預見的方式改變海洋食物網的結構。這些關于海洋生命的可悲未來已向我們拉響了警報，而海洋的健康與否將直接影響陸地上的生命。

麻省理工學院的研究人員和伍茲霍爾海洋學研究所正在研究大問題，比如生命在海洋里的進化，海洋生態系統中微生物的作用，全球魚類資源和珊瑚礁減少的原因，以及海洋生物參與地球生物圈的重要組成部分的方式。

This research is complemented by advances in engineering that arehelping us to observe and track life in the ocean and by work being donein the public policy arena that will enable better stewardship. The ocean is also being tapped asa vast reservoir of novel biochemicals that are poised for development aspharmaceuticals, diagnostic agents, and bioenergy modules.

這項研究獲益于先進的工程技術，其幫助我們觀察和跟蹤海洋生物，及公共政策領域工作的進展，使我們能更好的管理。海洋也被當作一個擁有新奇生化制劑的巨大水庫，可發展醫藥、診斷制劑及生物能源模塊。

Key Questions Being Explored:
(*) What sets the pattern of community structure in the ocean?
(*) How do marine ecosystems mediate biogeochemical cycles?
(*) What impact does human activity have on the ocean’s food web?
(*) How do ecosystems and fisheries respond to changes in theenvironment?

(*) How can we tap developments in robotics toincrease our understanding of

(*) How can we best exploit connections betweenocean ecology and human health?

正在研究的關鍵問題：

(*)什么決定海洋里群落結構的模式？

(*)海洋生態系統如何調節生物地球化學循環?

(*)人類活動對海洋食物網有何影響?

(*)生態系統和漁業如何應對環境的變化?

(*)我們如何利用機器人技術的發展來提高我們的理解

(*)我們如何利用海洋生態和人類健康之間的聯系為好?

6、The ThompsonLab: Microbial Ecology and Engineering
Depts/Labs/Centers: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

湯普森實驗室：微生物生態學和工程

首席研究員：珍奈兒·湯普森    日期：2008年12月8日
The Thompson Lab studies how microbes interact with theirenvironments in natural and engineered settings. Our goal is to leverage afundamental understanding of the activities of microbial systems to promote thesustainable management of environmental resources. Our specific projects includeinvestigating microbial activity in subsurface environments duringgeologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, determining how interactions withmicrobes controls the balance between health and disease in reef-buildingcorals and hexacorals, and investigating the ecological significance andregulation of bacterial virulence factors and toxins. Our approach is multidisciplinary-molecular (quantitative PCR, sequencing), genetic (cloning, mutagenesis),and computational (genomics,transcriptomics, phylogenetics). Understanding how microbialpopulations interact to mediate activities such as virulenceand biogeochemical cycling will improve our ability to model theactivities of microbes in the environment, monitor their impact on humanand ecosystem health, and to design remediation and disease preventionstrategies.

湯普森實驗室研究微生物在自然及人造情境下如何與環境相互作用。我們的目標是利用對微生物系統活動的根本理解，來促進環境資源的可持續管理。我們的具體項目包括調查在二氧化碳地質封存期間地表下微生物的活動，決定造礁珊瑚和六射珊瑚與微生物的相互作用是如何控制其自身健康和疾病之間的平衡，以及調查調節細菌毒力因素和毒素的生態意義。我們的方法是跨學科的——分子學（定量PCR測序）、基因學（克隆、突變）和計算的（基因組學、轉錄組、種系遺傳學）。了解微生物種群如何與介導活動如毒力與生物地球化學循環相互作用,將提高我們模仿微生物在環境中活動的能力,監控它們對人類和生態系統健康的影響,設計補救和疾病預防策略。

This FacultyMember is an Author of the Following Papers:

Changesin Lipid and Proteome Composition Accompany Growth of Bacillus subterraneusMITOT1 Under Supercritical CO2 and May Promote Acclimation to AssociatedStresses

Full Author List: Kyle C Peet, Kodihalli CRovindra, John S Wishnok MIT, Roger E Summons MIT, Janelle Renee Thompson MIT

Associated DLCs: Department of Earth,Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences

Receipt Date: 09/08/15 # Pages: 47Classification: Preprint/Working Paper

ILP Paper #: Paper Size: 4.2MB Paper Type:

Pub #: A0815-036

URL:http://ilp.mit.edu/media/papers/pub/Aug2015/8-36-2015.pdf

Abstract:

Recent demonstration that multiple Bacillusstrains grow in batch bioreactors containing supercritical (sc) CO2 (i.e.>73 atm, >31°C) is surprising given the recognized roles of scCO2 as asterilant and solvent. Growth under scCO2 is of interest for biotechnologicalapplications and for microbially-enhanced geologic carbon sequestration. Wehypothesize that Bacillus spp. may alter cell wall and membrane composition inresponse to scCO2-associated stresses. In this study, protein expression and membranelipids of B. subterraneus MITOT1 were profiled in cultures grown underheadspaces of 1 and 100 atm of CO2 or N2. Growth under 100 atm CO2 revealedsignificantly decreased fatty acid branching and increased fatty acyl chainlengths relative to 1 atm cultures. Proteomes of MITOT1 grown under 1 and 100atm pressures of CO2 and N2 were similar (Spearman R>0.65), and principalcomponent analysis revealed variation by treatment with the first two principalcomponents corresponding to headspace gas (CO2 or N2) and pressure (1 atm and100 atm), respectively. An S-layer protein was among the most highly expressedprotein under all conditions, and expression of numerous citric acid cycle andelectron transport proteins suggest MITOT1 may be capable of anaerobicrespiration. Amino acid metabolic proteins were enriched under CO2, includingthe glycine cleavage system, previously shown to be upregulated in acid stressresponse. These results provide insights into the stationary phase physiologyof strains grown under scCO2, suggesting modifications of cell membranes andamino acid metabolism may be involved in response to acidic, high CO2conditions under scCO2.

Selected Publications

自然沿海浮游細菌種群內的基因型多樣性